Homeopathy & Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Homeopathy & Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
40% of diagnoses are made in adults aged over 30years
Autoimmune diseases (AID) are convoluted pathologies characterized by immunologic malfunction and intolerance to self-molecules(1), genetic background is implicated but alone is insufficient for the development of most forms of autoimmunity.(2) Findings point to the role that human endogenous retroviruses(3-6) and adjuvants(7-12) play in AID aetiopathogenesis.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most prevalent of over eighty identified AID(13) and accounts for 5-10% of all diabetes diagnoses.(14) An organ-specific disease involving response against pancreatic β cells T1DM often occurs concomitantly with other AID, an estimated > 90% of patients also have autoimmune thyroid disease.(15)
A serious and life-threatening disease requiring lifelong dependency upon insulin injections, T1DM is responsible for 85% of diabetes in under 20year old’s(16) and typically classified as a disease of childhood and adolescence however 40% of diagnoses are made in adults aged over 30years old.(17)
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes account for up to 50% of genetic risk for T1DM, suggesting pathogenesis via variants in the gene encoding insulin.(18) A multitude of environmental and genetic factors inducing epigenetic regulation of the genome(19) are implicated in T1DM, with genetic risk being the presence of particular allele combinations in the major susceptibility locus, the HLA region.(20) Genome-wide association studies identify the susceptibility locus GLIS3 for T1DM and glucose metabolism traits,(21) with the genetic marker DQB1 used to identify high risk individuals.(22) Children with genetic risk for islet autoimmunity (IA) show altered molecular homeostasis months before actual detection can be made.(23)
As autoreactive T cells form part of normal T cell armament, Roep et al.(18) disagree with the notion that T1DM is exclusively the result of dysfunctioning immune cells, citing involvement of both the endocrine cells and exocrine tissues of the pancreas, inflammation and the loss of exocrine parenchyma. Vithoulkas (24) reminds us of the fact that all organs in the body are interrelated parts of one whole organism, mutually influencing each other, therefore there can be no such thing as localized disease.
To infer that one organ independently suffers is an incorrect, increasingly common allopathic viewpoint. An organism as a whole responds to stimuli, being affected only by that which it is predisposed to and has a particular affinity for, which in homeopathy is termed susceptibility, and while under stress, susceptibility to certain stimuli manifests pathology, acute or chronic; susceptibility must be understood as an organism’s potential Achilles heel.(25)
T1DM is heterogeneous, with genetic predisposition and numerous environmental factors, including viruses, contributing to its pathogenesis, but even where recurrent viral infections have been implicated, the aetiopathogenesis remains to be discovered - there are other pathogenic effects at work. A new category of pathogens may provide the missing link between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors long thought to contribute to T1DM onset, with a growing body of evidence pointing to the role that human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) may play through the activation of genes.(5,26)
HERVs exist within our genome and have certain similarities to modern exogenous retroviruses but are not thought to be infectious however, several have been implicated in cancers and autoimmune diseases(3,4) including Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Related Virus (MXRV), which in 2009 was estimated to be present in 3 to 8% of Americans,(6) and has been linked to: chronic fatigue syndrome, autism, leukaemia, prostate cancer,(27) Alzheimer’s disease, and AID. Although MXRV disappears quickly from the blood,(4) the likely vector of transmission to humans’ is via biologics, specifically murine tissue used in vaccine production.
Vaccines as stimulant to the immune system could enable replication of MXRV to detectable levels and awaken a sleeping monster.(6) Retroviruses as vaccine vectors are an established tool for gene transfer into patient cells that do not form infectious particles and can permanently integrate into host cellular genome.(28)
Classen stated that all vaccines have the potential to induce diabetes,(29) with paediatric vaccines associated with statistically significant risk of T1DM development(30) due to vaccine antigens and adjuvants triggering autoimmune reactions,(31) other researchers refute any association of routine childhood vaccinations with later development of T1DM.(32-35) Expanding evidence supports trans-kingdom interactions of viruses with bacteria, small eukaryotes and host in disease pathogenesis,(36) with Epstein Barr Virus, coxsackievirus, rotavirus and cytomegalovirus all implicated in the transactivation of HERVs in T1DM.(18,26)
A number of different live and killed vaccines are proposed to link to the development T1DM in humans and animals via adjuvant effect inducing autoreactive T cell immune response.(37) Adjuvants are immunologic or pharmacologic substances added to an agent to enhance its efficacy, commonly found in vaccines (since 1926), mineral oils, cosmetics, silicone breast implants and other therapeutic/medical devices.(12)
The concept of Autoimmune Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants(ASIA) put forward in 2011, in both animal models and humans, highlights the role of infectious agents, silicone, aluminium salts, and others, in the incitement of immune mediated diseases including AID and links four conditions: siliconosis, Gulf war syndrome, macrophagic myofasciitis syndrome, and post-vaccination phenomena, to prior adjuvant exposure(8)
ASIA, a conglomerate of immune mediated diseases among genetically prone (mainly the HLA-DRB1 and PTPN22 gene) individuals after adjuvant exposure, was documented between 2011 and 2016(9) in clinically confirmed cases of immune hyperstimulation, production of autoantibodies, and resultant AID.(11)
The mean age of onset of ASIA is 37 years, with an average lapse of 16months’ between adjuvant exposure and development of AID, and 89% of ASIA patients are diagnosed with a concomitant autoimmune condition.(10) Of 4479 identified ASIA cases mainly relating to exposure to the Human papillomavirus (HPV) and influenza vaccines, silicone, and mineral oil injections, 305 were considered severe classified as having major organ involvement; being life-threatening; requiring hospitalization; outcomes of disability and death. The authors of this study stated “…vaccine-vigilance should develop methods able to capture post-adjuvant exposure phenomena and health authorities and international bodies should make efforts to spare the amount of adjuvants, given their potential side-effects.”(9)
There is a glaring absence of published long term impact studies upon the overall wellbeing of vaccinated populations in medical journals, Golden(38) states that Health Departments discredit themselves by not demanding this research be undertaken. Vaccinosis and/or postvaccine side-effects are classified by health authorities as rare to very rare phenomena (including insurgence of AID) which occurs after receiving a vaccine,(12) however, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services concluded that less than 1% of vaccine injuries are reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS).(39)
AID and chronic post-vaccination syndromes can occur several weeks or months after vaccination, but causality between vaccination and AID is unsubstantiated by epidemiological studies,(40) and in spite of thousands of documented individual cases of ASIA,(9) it is hotly debated if and how vaccinations induce or aggravate AID.(41) However, viral infection is an indisputable factor in the development of T1DM.(42) The following analysis was obtained from the 2019 Italian vaccine inquiry “We have continued the investigation, both chemical and biological, on the Priox Tetra, quadrivalent against measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella. We have found proteobacteria and nematode worms, 10 other viruses through ssRNA, Microviridae (bacterial or phage viruses) and numerous retroviruses, avian viruses, human immunodeficiency and immunodeficiency virus of monkeys (fragments that if inserted into the database detect fragments of HIV and SIV), murine virus, horse infectious anaemia virus, lymphoproliferative disease virus, Rous sarcoma virus, alphaendornavirus, hepatitis B virus and yeast virus.”(43)
In response to these findings, Dr. Mikovits wrote “I think one of the major problems with vaccines is that they’re grown in animal tissues and we don’t know what viruses and pathogens are coming back in the needle.”(6)
According to the hygiene hypothesis, altered immune maturity through lack of early microbial exposure is increasing the prevalence of AID which has been steadily rising as the incidence of most infectious diseases decline.(44) Although the hypothesis is underpinned by robust epidemiological data, and AID can be prevented in experimental models by infection with an array of bacteria, viruses and parasites, the underlying mechanisms of AID remain unclear.(45)
In the “continuum” of a unified theory of diseases, Vithoulkas and Carlino(46) posit that all human beings are affected by acute and chronic diseases which are inter-dependant, during a lifetime, in a continuum of a unified substratum of diseases, preceding that final disease condition which ends the life.
Disease is multifactorial, metamorphosing with time.(47) Cognizant of this ever evolving process, homeopathic medicine interprets symptoms as reflective of inner turmoil recognizing that it is the disturbance within which is to be treated, not the disease.(48) It is the totality of symptoms, evaluated independently of the disease syndrome, which become paramount.(49)
Homeopathy marks an important distinction in medicine by combining a person’s disposition with their pathology, it is the disposition of an individual to be particularly noted.(50) Disposition is that which shapes each person’s unique way of responding to events including those consistent attributes, positive and negative, that form attitudes and actions.(47)
A seven-year observational study of fifteen T1DM patients prescribed individualized homeopathic medicine reported twelve cases (80% of patients) had improved fasting blood sugars and haemoglobin A1c, reducing the need for insulin, with the parents of juvenile patients also reporting changes in disposition with notably improved behaviours, while adult patients cited feelings of inner calm, and experienced greater self-control.(51)
Positive laboratory-revealed homeopathic medicine actions in models of inflammation and immunity, though often small, are not negligible findings as even a minor influence can orient the entire system in the disease process, becoming a deciding factor in the final reaction. Inflammation and the immune system are notably susceptible to minor influence because the same mechanisms can be implemented to cure or to self-destruct.(52) The immune system strives to maintain optimal equilibrium under stress, however when a stressor cannot be nullified on the peripheral level, defence is relegated to a deeper, more vital organ or system. It is in this way that chronic degenerative disease begins, compromising overall wellbeing:(46) evidenced for example, by rising rates of AID while infectious disease declines.(44)
Comprised of individual cells and proteins, entire organs and organ systems, an organisms’ immune system assists in the determination of ‘self’ from foreign and potentially dangerous threats to ‘self.’(53)
Vaccination bypasses anatomically innate immune structures. Injecting viruses into an organism which fuse with healthy cells and continue to replicate confounds the immune system by stimulating antibodies only - not the generalized inflammatory response - causing invasion of cells of the ‘self’ which can result in autoimmune conditions.(54)
Since its inception, vaccination has been considered by homeopaths as capable of profoundly disturbing the health of an organism,(24,54) paralleled also in some published medical research papers.(55-63) In 2021,Bellavite & Donzelli recorded 462 adverse events following immunisation (AEFIs) per 1000 doses – with 11% rated serious - after the first dose of measles-mumps-rubella varicella (MMRV) vaccine.(64) The Australian Immunization Handbook (2021) describes serious AEFIs: Results in death; is life-threatening; requires inpatient hospitalisation or prolongs existing hospitalisation; results in persistent or significant disability or incapacity, or is a congenital anomaly/birth defect.(65)
Although vaccinations have been observed to trigger transient autoantibodies, thus being theoretically able to induce an autoimmune adverse event in genetically predisposed people, there is no evidence of clinical consequence for healthy people or those with autoimmune diseases - the long‐term clinical consequence of autoantibodies induced by vaccinations is unknown.(66)
The theory of vaccinosis, a term used for any chronic condition having an origin which can be traced back to a vaccination, was first observed by Dr. Compton Burnett (1840 – 1901) in the repeatedly vaccinated.(24)
Original homeopathic theory and philosophy states it is the miasms’ which effect an individual’s predisposition to inherit or acquire disease.(50) Hypersensitivity reactions post vaccination is said to be a typical expression of the psoric miasm in one school of thought(67), and sycotic in cases of repeated vaccination by another.(68) Hahnemann’s miasms’ were a glimpse into genetic predisposition.
Modern homeopathic theory posits that descent through the Levels of Health overloads an organism with a myriad of hereditary predispositions resulting in “an infinite variety of genetic codes to take into context.” AID is classified as belonging to Group C, Level Seven to Level Nine with T1DM in Group D, Level Ten to Level Twelve - the lowest Levels of Health, relating to serious, wide ranging organic changes in an organism, characterized by sub-inflammatory processes maintained by unknown pathological entities. When an organism descends or exists in the lower Levels of Health, it is greatly affected miasmatically that is, burdened with genetic predisposition. However, a multitude of medicalized agents have the capability to profoundly deteriorate the health of an organism to such a degree that descent through the Levels of Health is induced.(69)
The role that HERVs,(3-6,26,28) Adjuvants,(7-10,12,31) and Antigens(31) play in the aetiopathogenesis of AID and T1DM has been established. These agents coupled with the strong, suppressive chemicals constantly implemented in incalculable ways by allopathic medicine are all implicated in the causation of irreparable immune system damage.(46)
The current accepted medical stance that vaccinations do not reduce health status, nor induce AID(12,40,41,66) or T1DM,(32-35) is debatable in light of the unknown long‐term clinical consequences of vaccine induced autoantibodies(66); the almost four and a half thousand ASIA cases identified as mainly relating to the HPV and influenza vaccines;(9) and the ever present missing aetiopathological link of AID and T1DM.(5,26,45) Governmental and pharmaceutical dogma regarding the safety of vaccines(12) is contradicted by medical research(3,4,6-11,29-31,38,40,55-64)
Vaccinosis is a recognized, understood and documented phenomena throughout homeopathic philosophy, theory and literature.(24,67) Homeopathic philosophy and theory recognizes the organism is faced by an entirely different situation (than susceptibility) when assaulted by powerful drugs or medical interventions such as vaccination, because these have unlimited powers to infiltrate an organisms defences, particularly the immune system(25) which can result in autoimmune conditions.(54)
Sarah Penrose BSc(hons)Hom. is an Australasian homeopath and can be contacted at goodhealthforgreatlife.com
References
1 Smith & Germolec, 1999. Introduction to immunology and autoimmunity. Environ Health Perspectives. Oct; 107 Suppl 5(Suppl 5):661-5. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10502528/
2 Meda et al., 2011. The epigenetics of autoimmunity. Cellular and Molecular Immunology. May;8(3):226-36. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21278766/
3 Nelson et al., 2003. Demystified. Human endogenous retroviruses. Molecular pathology. 56(1), 11–18. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1187282/#:~:text=Human%20endogenous%20retroviruses%20(HERVs)%20are,some%20have%20conferred%20biological%20benefits./
4 Arias, M and Fan, H. 2014. The saga of XMRV: a virus that infects human cells but is not a human virus. Emerging Microbes & Infections. 3:1, 1-6. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/action/showCitFormats?doi=10.1038%2Femi.2014.25
5 Niegowska et al. 2019. Anti-HERVWEnv antibodies are correlated with seroreactivity against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in children and youths at T1DM risk. Sci Rep. 9, 6282 (2019) Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-42788-5
6 Mikovits & Heckenlively, 2020. Plague of Corruption, Restoring faith in the promise of science. New York. Skyhorse Publishing.
7 Classen, J.B., and Classen, D.C. 2001, Vaccines and the risk of insulin-dependant diabetes (IDDM): potential mechanism of action. Medical hypothesis. 57(5): 532-538. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306987701913520
8 Shoenfeld & Agmon-Levin, 2011. 'ASIA' - autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants. Journal of Autoimmunity. Feb; 36 (1): 4-8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20708902/
9 Jara et al., 2017. Severe manifestations of autoimmune syndrome induced by adjuvants (Shoenfeld's syndrome). Immunologic Research. Feb; 65(1):8-16. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27412294/
10 Watad et al., 2018. The autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA)/Shoenfeld's syndrome: descriptive analysis of 300 patients from the international ASIA syndrome registry. Clinical Rheumatology. 37(2):483-493. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28741088/#:~:text=The%20autoimmune%2Finflammatory%20syndrome%20induced%20by%20adjuvants%20(ASIA)%20is,to%20an%20aberrant%20autoimmune%20response
11 Borba et al., 2020. Classical Examples of the Concept of the ASIA Syndrome. Biomolecules. Oct 12;10(10):1436. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33053910/
12 Bragazzi et al., 2020. ASIA syndrome and endocrine autoimmune disorders. Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. Oct 12;10 (10):1436. Available from: https://www-clinicalkeycom.rsm.idm.oclc.org/#!/content/playContent/1-s2.0-S1521690X20300397?returnurl=null&referrer=null/
13 Nexø et al., 2016. Are human endogenous retroviruses triggers of autoimmune diseases? Unveiling associations of three diseases and viral loci. Immunological research. 64(1), 55–63. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4726719/
14 Kahanovitz et al., 2017. Type 1 Diabetes - A Clinical Perspective. Point of care. 16(1), 37–40. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5606981/
15 Kawasaki, 2014. Type 1 diabetes and autoimmunity. Clinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology. 23 (4), 99–105. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4219937/
16 Rodríguez, 2019. Unexpected viral behavior linked to type 1 diabetes in highrisk children [online]. Baylor College of Medicine, Houston. Available from:
https://blogs.bcm.edu/2019/12/19/from-the-labs-unexpected-viral-behavior-linked-totype-1-diabetes-in-high-risk-children/
17 Thomas et al., 2017. Frequency and phenotype of type 1 diabetes in the first six decades of life: a crosssectional, genetically stratified survival analysis from UK Biobank. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology [online]. Volume 6, Issue 2, p122-129. Available from:https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landia/article/PIIS2213-8587(17)30362- 5/fulltext#%20
18 Roep et al., 2020. Type 1 diabetes mellitus as a disease of the β-cell (do not blame the immune system?). Nature reviews. Endocrinology 1–12. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-020-00443-4
19 Cerna M. 2019. Epigenetic Regulation in Etiology of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. Dec 19; 21(1):36. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33053910/
20 Ilonen J, Lempainen J, Veijola R. 2019. The heterogeneous pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Nature Review, Endocrinology. Nov; 15 (11): 635-650. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31534209/
21 Duarte et al., 2017. GLIS3 rs7020673 and rs10758593 polymorphisms interact in the susceptibility for type 1 diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetologica. Sep;54(9):813-821. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28597135/
22 Tandon, 2015. Understanding type 1 diabetes through genetics: Advances and prospects. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Apr; 19 (Suppl 1): S39-43. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10502528/
23 Balzano-Nogueira et al., 2021. Integrative analyses of TEDDY Omics data reveal lipid metabolism abnormalities, increased intracellular ROS and heightened inflammation prior to autoimmunity for type 1 diabetes. Genome Biology. Jan 21;22(1):39. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33478573/
24 Vithoulkas, G. 2015. Homeopathy, Medicine for the New Millennium. 28th Edition. Alonissos. The International Academy of Classical Homeopathy. (Originally published in 1985.)
25 Vithoulkas, G. 2016. A New Model for Health and Disease. International Academy of Classical Homeopathy. Alonissos. Available from: https://www.vithoulkas.com/new-model-health-and-disease-page-931632020922
26 Levet et al., 2019. Human Endogenous Retroviruses and Type 1 Diabetes. Current diabetes reports.19(12), 141. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6872510/
27 Danielson et al., 2010. Detection of Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus in Normal and Tumor Tissue of Patients from the Southern United States with Prostate Cancer Is Dependent on Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction Conditions, The Journal of Infectious Diseases. Volume 202, Issue 10, Pages 1470–1477. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/202/10/1470/823251
28 Creative Biolabs. 2020. Retrovirus as Vaccine-vectors. Creative Biolabs. New York. Available from: https://www.creative-biolabs.com/vaccine/retrovirus-asvaccine- vectors.htm
29 Classen & Classen, 1999. Public should be told that vaccines may have long term adverse effects. BMJ. Jan 16; 318 (7177): 193. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9888928/
30 Classen, 2008. Risk of Vaccine Induced Diabetes in Children with a Family History of Type 1 Diabetes: The Open Pediatric Medicine Journal. 2(1):7-10 Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254769327_Risk_of_Vaccine_Induced_Diabetes_in_Children_with_a_Family_History_of_Type_1_Diabetes
31 Batista-Duharte et al., 2014. Systemic immunotoxicity reactions induced by adjuvanted vaccines. International Immunopharmacology. May; 20(1):170-80. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260644713_Systemic_immunotoxicity_reactions_induced_by_adjuvanted_vaccines
32 Karvonen et al., 1999. Association between type 1 diabetes and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination: birth cohort study. BMJ. May 1;318(7192):1169-72. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10221937/
33 DeStefano et al., 2001.Vaccine Safety Datalink Team. Childhood vaccinations, vaccination timing, and risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Pediatrics. Dec;108(6):E112. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11731639/
34 Antonelli et al., 2015. Vaccinations and Type 1 Diabetes. Vaccines and Autoimmunity. Chapter 29; 283-290. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118663721.ch29
35 Morgan et al., 2016. Vaccinations and childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Diabetologia. Feb; 59(2):237-43. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26564178/
36 Santiago-Rodriguez & Hollister, 2019. Human Virome and Disease: High-Throughput Sequencing for Virus Discovery, Identification of Phage-Bacteria Dysbiosis and Development of Therapeutic Approaches with Emphasis on the Human Gut. Viruses. Jul 18; 11(7):656. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31323792/.
37 Classen & Classen, 2001, Vaccines and the risk of insulin-dependant diabetes (IDDM): potential mechanism of action. Medical hypothesis. 57 (5): 532-538. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306987701913520
38 Golden, I. 2010. Vaccine damaged children? Revised edition. Victoria: Isaac Golden Publications. (Originally published 2008).
39 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2010. Electronic Support for Public Health–Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (ESP: VAERS). Maryland: The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) U.S. Available from: https://digital.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/docs/publication/r18hs017045-lazarus-finalreport-2011.pdf
40 Bellavite, P. 2020. Causality assessment of adverse events following immunization: the problem of multifactorial pathology Version 2. F1000Research. 9:170. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7111503/#ref47
41 Batista-Duharte et al., 2018. Molecular adjuvants that modulate regulatory T cell function in vaccination: A critical appraisal. Pharmacological Research. Mar;129:237-250. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33478573/
42 Geravandi et al., 2020. Enteroviruses and T1DM: Is It the Virus, the Genes or Both which Cause T1DM. Microorganisms. 8 (7), 1017. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7409303/
43 Maddox, G. 2019. BOMBSHELL – Corvelva Releases Next Vaccine Analysis Results. Real News Australia, Reading Between the Lies. Available from: https://realnewsaustralia.com/2018/12/23/bombshell-corvelva-releases-next-vaccine-analysis-results/
44 Bach et al., 2018. The hygiene hypothesis in autoimmunity: the role of pathogens and commensals. Nature Reviews, Immunology. Feb; 18 (2): 105-120. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29034905/
45 Vatanen et al., 2016. DIABIMMUNE Study Group, Xavier RJ. Variation in Microbiome LPS Immunogenicity Contributes to Autoimmunity in Humans. Cell. May 5;165(4):842-53. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27133167/
46 Vithoulkas, G and Carlino, S. 2010. The “continuum” of a unified theory of diseases. Medical Science Monitor [online]. 16(2): SR7-15. Available from: https://medscimonit.com/abstract/index/idArt/878341
47 Klein, L. 2003. Clinical Focus Guide to homeopathic remedies, volume 1. Canada. Luminos Homeopathic Courses Ltd.
48 Sankaran, R. 1991. Homeopathy, the science of healing. Reprint edition. New Delhi: B. Jain Publishers. (Originally published in 1983).
49 Chatterjee, T.P. 1982. Fundamentals of Homoeopathy and Valuable Hints for Practice. New Delhi. World Homeopathic Links.
50 Hahnemann, S. 2005. Organon of Medicine. Sixth edition. Translated from German by W. Boericke. New Delhi. Indian Books and Periodicals Publishers. (Originally published in 1842.)
51 Sadeghi, S. 2016. Assessment of homeopathic remedies effects in type 1 diabetics. Hilaris; Alternative and Integrative Medicine. 5th International Conference and Exhibition on Natural & Alternative Medicine, September 05-07, 2016 Beijing, China. Available from: https://www.hilarispublisher.com/proceedings/assessment-ofhomeopathic-remedies-effects-in-type-1-diabetics-28227.html
52 Bellavite et al., 2006. Immunology and homeopathy. 2. Cells of the immune system and inflammation. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine: eCAM. 3 (1), 13–24. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1375241/
53 InformedHealth.org., 2020. What are the organs of the immune system? Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279395/
54 Master, F. 2003. Sycotic Shame. Second revised edition. New Delhi: B. Jain Publishers. (Originally published in 1985).
55 Odent et al., 1994. Pertussis vaccination and asthma: is there a link? JAMA Journal of the American Medical Association. Aug 24-31;272(8):592-3. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8057511/
56 Kemp et al., 1997. Is infant immunization a risk factor for childhood asthma or allergy? Epidemiology. Nov;8 (6):678-80. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9345669/
57 Nakajima et al., 2007. Is childhood immunisation associated with atopic disease from age 7 to 32 years? Thorax. Mar; 62(3):270-5. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17090571/5
58 Gallagher & Goodman, 2008. Hepatitis B triple series vaccine and developmental disability in U.S. children aged 1-9 years. Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry. 90: 997–1008. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02772240701806501casa_token=a9wHKlVoStcAAAAA%3AhYMccmtjAn4XV_A1mBDNUsfPoEvCpjAmYaUnMDkunlEcrxpFXBUtaQroG7CWYZUP8AzhhmgQERk2
59 Delong, 2011.A positive association found between autism prevalence and childhood vaccination uptake across the U.S. population. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. 74 (14):903-16. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21623535/
60 Glanz et al., 2013. A population-based cohort study of Under vaccination in 8 managed care organizations across the United States. JAMA Pediatrics. Mar 1;167(3):274-81. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23338829/
61 Geier et al., 2017. Abnormal Brain Connectivity Spectrum Disorders Following Thimerosal Administration: A Prospective Longitudinal Case-Control Assessment of Medical Records in the Vaccine Safety Datalink. Dose Response. Mar 16;15(1). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28539852/
62 Mawson et al. 2017. Pilot comparative study on the health of vaccinated and unvaccinated 6- to 12-year-old U.S. children. Journal of Translational Science. 3:1–12. Available from: https://electromedicine.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/JTS-3-186.pdf
63 Hooker & Miller, 2020. Analysis of health outcomes in vaccinated and unvaccinated children: Developmental delays, asthma, ear infections and gastrointestinal disorders. SAGE open medicine. 8, 2050312120925344. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7268563/
64 Bellavite & Donzelli, 2021. Adverse events following measles-mumps-rubella varicella vaccine: an independent perspective on Italian pharmacovigilance data. F1000Research. 9:1176. Available from: https://f1000research.com/articles/9-1176
65 Australian Immunization Handbook. 2021. Vaccination for people who have had an adverse event following immunisation [online]. Australian Government Department of Health. Canberra. Available from: https://immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au/vaccination-for-specialriskgroups/vaccination-for-people-who-have-had-an-adverse-event-following
66 Toplak & Avčin, 2015. Autoantibodies Induced by Vaccine. Vaccines and Autoimmunity. Chapter 9; 93-102. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118663721.ch9
67 Master, F. 2010. Skin: Homeopathic approach to dermatology. Second revised edition. New Delhi: B. Jain Publishers. (Originally published in 1993).
68 Banerjee, S. 2010. Miasmatic Prescribing, its philosophy, diagnostic classifications, clinical tips, miasmatic repertory, miasmatic weightage of medicines and case illustrations. Second extended edition. New Delhi. B. Jain Publishers (P) Ltd. (Originally published in 2001.)
69 Vithoulkas, G. 2017. Levels of Health, The second volume of the Science of Homeopathy, revised edition. Alonissos: International Academy of Classical Homeopathy.